Apr 12, 2001 · Goldschmidt used glacial sediments to estimate the major element composition of average igneous rocks because such sediment is dominated by mechanical rather than chemical processes. However, modern studies have used shale compositions to estimate upper crustal trace element abundances (TM85). It can contain the minerals inertinite and vitrinite. Cannel shale is rich in hydrogen, and burns easily. Oil Shale Composition. The composition of oil shale may vary according to the depositional mechanism and setting. The composition of the original organic matter may impact the chemical composition of the embedded kerogen. Quality FactorsMay 5, 2021 · We estimate the average chemical composition of Indian post-Archean Shale (IPAS) and conclude that it is comparable to that of global shale standards: post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) and North American Shale Composite (NASC). These shales are widely considered as continent wide, average compositional representatives of the post-Archean upper continental crust (UCC). Our IPAS estimate ... Bentonite was found in the Cretaceous Benton Shale near Rock River, Wyoming (Bentonite, wikipedia). Chemical composition of the unit cell has been represented as [(Si 8.0)(Al 3.02 Mg 0.50 Ca 0.06 Fe 0.18 T i0.02 Na 0.22)O 20 (OH) 4]. It is a versatile mineral due to its platelet structure. The platelet consisting of a tetrahedral silicon oxide ...Shale oil is a vital alternative energy source for oil and gas and has recently received an extensive attention. Characterization of the shale oil content provides an important guiding significance for resource potential evaluation, sweet spot prediction, and development of shale oil. In this paper, the mechanism, evaluation and influencing factors of oil retention in shales are …The observed microstructure and chemical composition were correlated with Young's modulus, hardness, degree of anisotropy, and cracking behavior of the shale samples. The new knowledge generated here is expected to advance the understanding of the microstructural heterogeneity and mechanical property anisotropy in different types of shales.Chemical Composition of Slate. Slate is particularly composed of the minerals quartz and muscovite or illite, frequently along with biotite, chlorite, hematite, and pyrite and, …Determining the chemical composition and properties of shale rocks poses a significant challenge given that these materials are heterogenous and comprise a complex multicomponent structure. The shales examined in this study represent a wide range of sedimentary rock mineralogies. Fig. 1 shows an infrared spectrum of a typical shale sample ...Jian Gong, Fengqi You, in Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2016. 1 Introduction. ... If a processing plant is designed to process shale gas with fixed compositions, a large amount of off-spec gas will be produced when the real composition …Sep 4, 2023 · Sedimentary breccia is a type of clastic sedimentary rock which is fabricated from angular to subangular, randomly orientated clasts of different sedimentary rocks. A conglomerate, by using evaluation, is a sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments or clasts of pre-existing rocks. Both breccia and conglomerate are composed of fragments ... Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture Clastic; Very fine-grained (< 0.004 mm) Composition Clay minerals, Quartz Color Brown Miscellaneous Blocky Depositional Environment Flood Plain, Lake (away from shore), Mid-continental Shelf, Delta, Tidal Flat, Lagoon, or Deep Marine Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture Clastic; Very fine-grained (< 0.004 mm) Composition ... Jul 1, 2022 · The main factors that affect the geomechancial properties in the studied area are chemical composition and micro-structure which are determined by the sedimentary environment and diagenesis. We thus conclude that the geological processes play a critical role in the geomechanical properties of the lacustrine shale from macroscopical aspect. 4.4. Figure 10d-4: Pyrite. Figure 10d-5: Galena. The Halides are a group of minerals whose principle chemical constituents are fluorine, chlorine, iodine, and bromine. Many of them are very soluble in water. Halides also tend to have a highly ordered molecular structure and a …The mineralogical composition of the whole rock shale samples based on X-ray diffraction analysis identified clay mineral constituents as probably being ...Jul 1, 2022 · The main factors that affect the geomechancial properties in the studied area are chemical composition and micro-structure which are determined by the sedimentary environment and diagenesis. We thus conclude that the geological processes play a critical role in the geomechanical properties of the lacustrine shale from macroscopical aspect. 4.4. Download Table | Chemical composition of shales from publication: A Comparative Study of the Diagenetic Alteration of Clay Minerals in Mesozoic Shales from Papua, New Guinea, and in...1. Introduction [2] The chemical composition of the upper continental crust is an important constraint on understanding the composition and chemical differentiation of the continental crust as a whole and the Earth in general [e.g., Taylor and McLennan, 1985, 1995; Rudnick and Fountain, 1995].There have been a variety of estimates of upper crustal …Phyllite Chemical Composition. Phyllite is mainly composed of fine grains of mica minerals that are muscovite, or sericite. ... When organic-rich shale is the initial protolith of phyllite, the organic materials are often transformed into graphite. Many phyllites contain enough mica to give them a black color and a submetallic luster.@misc{etde_5740958, title = {'North American shale composite': its compilation, major and trace element characteristics} author = {Gromet, L P, Dymek, R F, Haskin, L A, Korotev, R L, and Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (USA). McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences)} abstractNote = {The compilation and major element composition of the 'North American shale composite' …Oil shales belong to the group of sapropel fuels, but they do not have a unique geological definition or a specific chemical formula. Oil shales vary considerably in their …The composition and physical properties of chlorites vary as these ions substitute for one another in solid solution. The most common chlorite minerals are clinochlore, pennantite, and chamosite. A more comprehensive list of chlorite minerals and their chemical compositions is shown in the green table on this page.ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AMERICAN. SHALES AND ROOFING SLATES. IN the preceding paper the statemeut is made that the analyses of the green slates at ...A typical shale is made of clay minerals (58%), quartz (28%), feldspar (6%), carbonate minerals (5%), and iron oxides (2%). A typical mudstone like shale is usually made up of 95% organic matter. The interesting fact about shale’s composition is that this percentage is usually less than 1% of its weight.Kerogen, complex waxy mixture of hydrocarbon compounds that is the primary organic component of oil shale. Kerogen consists mainly of paraffin hydrocarbons, though the solid mixture also incorporates nitrogen and sulfur. Kerogen is insoluble in water and in organic solvents such as benzene or.Chemical Composition of Slate. Slate is particularly composed of the minerals quartz and muscovite or illite, frequently along with biotite, chlorite, hematite, and pyrite and, …ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AMERICAN. SHALES AND ROOFING SLATES. IN the preceding paper the statemeut is made that the analyses of the green slates at ...Chalk is calcium carbonate and has the same chemical composition as limestone, marble, ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate. Chalk, like the other types of calcium carbonate, is in the form of calcite, which is a crys...composition of rock salt. The results will then be compared to the chemical composition of the salt produced from Shale Gas Extraction Wastewater (SGEW) evaporation. Naturally occurring rock salt was formed from the evaporation of inland seas. Its primary constituents are sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sulfate.Shale is a laminated or fissile clastic sedimentary rock that composed of predominance of silt and clay other minerals , especially quartz and calcite. Characteristic properties of shale is breaks along thin laminae or parallel layering or bedding called fissility. It is most abundant sedimentary rock.Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral with a chemical composition of CaCO 3. It usually forms in clear, calm, warm, shallow marine waters. ... Portland Cement: Limestone is heated in a kiln with shale, sand, and other materials and ground to a powder that will harden after being mixed with water.Common chemical sediments include the precipitated minerals halite (rock salt), gypsum, calcite, and various forms of ultra-microscopic quartz grains (cryptocrystalline quartz, listed in the table above as "microquartz"). Sediment turns into sedimentary rock by some combination of burial beneath more sediment, compaction into a smaller volume ...Aug 22, 2023 · Shale is a laminated or fissile clastic sedimentary rock that composed of predominance of silt and clay other minerals , especially quartz and calcite. Characteristic properties of shale is breaks along thin laminae or parallel layering or bedding called fissility. It is most abundant sedimentary rock. Oil shales belong to the group of sapropel fuels, but they do not have a unique geological definition or a specific chemical formula. Oil shales vary considerably in their mineral content, chemical composition, stratigraphic age, type of organic matter, and depositional history, and not all are shales in the strict mineralogical sense.11 Okt 2018 ... The hydrogen enrichment of kerogen indicates significant oil-generating properties of OM of sedimentary rock; the increased content of ...Sep 1, 2015 · This study examined the chemical evolution of liquid process and waste streams (including makeup water, HF fluids, and flowback) in four Marcellus Shale gas well sites in north central West Virginia. Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents and radioactive isotopes were measured to determine changes in waste water chemistry during ... S. Chemical composition of sandstones excluding carbonate and volcanic sands, by F. J. Petti John T. Nondetrital siliceous sediments, by Earle R. Cressman U. Chemical composition of shales and related rocks V. Chemistry of carbonate rocks W. Chemistry of iron-rich sedimentary rocks, by H. L. James X. Chemistry of phosphoritesThe laminated nature and varying mineral/chemical composition of shale has been observed on multiple scales: from geologic observations at outcrops, in cores from organic-rich mudrock reservoirs, and from laboratory test (with cm-resolution) that measure properties along the core length (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).Core measurements have shown that variation in …Jan 1, 2017 · Shale Composition. Shale is composed of quartz and feldspar and major minerals with many accessory minerals. The major minerals in shale are kaolinite, illite, and semectite. Other minor constituents are organic carbon, carbonate minerals, iron oxide minerals, sulfide minerals, and heavy minerals. A shale (turbidite) outcrop in Loughshinny, Ireland. Composition. Shale is so widespread because its main constituents (clay minerals) are very common at the surface. These minerals form as a result of chemical weathering — disintegration of rocks in wet/moist conditions. A typical shale is composed of about 58% clay minerals, 28% quartz, 6% feldspar, 5% carbonate minerals, and 2% iron oxides. [8] Most of the quartz is detrital (part of the original sediments that formed the shale) rather than authigenic (crystallized within the shale after deposition). [9]However, reversals in the hydrogen isotope composition of over-mature shale gas are attributed to inorganic and organic hydrous reactions (Zumberge et al., 2012; Gao et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014); due to differences in chemical stability, C 2+ compounds rather than methane gas are more likely to be involved in these reactions (Galimov, 2006 ...The chemical and mineralogical composition of black shale is reflected in the quality of the surface waters and groundwater. Cu, Ni, Pb, U and Zn are recognised as major pollutants though the environmental impact is characteristically polymetallic just like the black shale occurrences.The chemical composition of oil shale: The mountain sedimentary rocks is composed of the following minerals: calcite, dolomite, and hydrology, montmorillonite, kaolinite, feldspars, quartz, pyrite, and others. The organic part consists of kerogen. Kerogen is a mixture of organic materials (Petryanov, bitumens, humic substances, etc.).Subsurface shale samples often contain 0.1 per cent CI from the seawater concentrated during compaction. The average CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SHALES AND CLAYS 313 marine shales from surface exposures have kept not more than,~ 100 ppm El, which is supposedly incorporated in the clay minerals.A shale with at least 1% carbonaceous material indicating a reducing environment. A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite), and often containing unusual concentrations of certain trace elements (U, V, Cu, Ni).Geochemical compositions of twenty-four sandstone and shale samples from the Ecca Group were analysed to decipher their provenance, paleoweathering conditions and tectonic setting. The shales have high Fe 2 O 3 , K 2 O, TiO 2 , Ce, Cu, Ga, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sr, Th and Y content more than the sandstones, whereas, sandstones are higher in SiO 2 , Hf and Zr than the shales. The positive ... Note that four major chemical compositions (i.e., quartz dominated shale, carbonaceous shale, clay dominated shale, and mixed shale) were eventually s elected based on the information of the sCore ...2.2. Aluminium retort analysis. To carry out the accurate retorting temperature of Jimsar oil shale, the aluminium retort analysis was conducted. According to the TG-MS experiments of Jimsar oil shale, the main decomposition reactions of kerogen are occurring between about 350 and 550 °C [17].Hence, 50 g of oil shale (less than 0.2 mm) sample was …The geological characteristics of shale and the gas composition and carbon isotopic variation from the shale are very important indicators for the shale gas study. This article analyzed the geological characteristics of Cambrian Niutitang shale and focused on the gas composition and carbon isotopic characteristics of the shale gas from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation. We can see that the ...shale: [noun] a fissile rock that is formed by the consolidation of clay, mud, or silt, has a finely stratified or laminated structure, and is composed of minerals essentially unaltered …. Various authors have calculated the mineralogical composition of an 'average' shale. Two estimates are shown below: Analyses: We determine the mineralogical compositions of shales primarily by advanced X-ray powder diffraction analyses.2.2. Aluminium retort analysis. To carry out the accurate retorting temperature of Jimsar oil shale, the aluminium retort analysis was conducted. According to the TG-MS experiments of Jimsar oil shale, the main decomposition reactions of kerogen are occurring between about 350 and 550 °C [17].Hence, 50 g of oil shale (less than 0.2 mm) sample was …Crude shale oils are viscous, waxy liquids made up of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes and aromatic compounds) and polar components (organic nitrogen, oxygen and ...Geochemical compositions of fine-grained terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks (mostly shale) are widely used to determine the average chemical composition of the upper continental crust. Due to homogenizing effects of weathering, erosion, diagenesis, transportation and deposition, shale represents composition of an extensive area and also controls the rare earth element …Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [1] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 ( OH) 4 ). Clays develop plasticity when wet but can be hardened through firing. [2] [3] [4] Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from ...It is composed primarily of soft clay minerals, but may include variable amounts of organic matter, calcareous material, and quartz grains. Shale may be any ...mica, any of a group of hydrous potassium, aluminum silicate mineral s. It is a type of phyllosilicate, exhibiting a two-dimensional sheet or layer structure. Among the principal rock-forming minerals, micas are found in all three major rock varieties—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.XDR analysis shows that the mineral composition of shale samples before and after SC-CO 2 treatment changes significantly, mainly due to complex chemical reactions between SC-CO 2 and mineral ...Dolomite (also known as "dolostone" and "dolomite rock") is a chemical sedimentary rock that is very similar to limestone. It is thought to form when limestone or lime mud is modified by magnesium-rich ground water. The specimen shown above is about four inches (ten centimeters) across.Limestone, sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate, usually in the form of calcite or aragonite. It may contain considerable amounts of magnesium carbonate (dolomite) as well; minor constituents also commonly present include …A major source of oceanic sediments is detritus from the upper continental crust. Thus, we make use of the Post-Archean Average Shale (PAAS), North American Shale Composite (NASC) and Taylor and McLennan's Upper Continental Crust (TMUC) as important comparisons to oceanic sediment (Gromet et al., 1984; Taylor and McLennan, 1985). 2.1.1.The chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of hydrocarbon gases generated from these subsamples were then investigated systematically via pyrolysis experiments, in order to evaluate the effect of retained bitumen content of shale source rocks on the identification of the origin and genesis of natural gas.The geological characteristics of shale and the gas composition and carbon isotopic variation from the shale are very important indicators for the shale gas study. This article analyzed the geological characteristics of Cambrian Niutitang shale and focused on the gas composition and carbon isotopic characteristics of the shale gas from the Cambrian Niutitang …Aug 22, 2023 · Siltstone. Siltstone is a clastic sedimentary rock that formed from grains whose sized between that of sandstone and mudstone. It can found different environmental conditions different color and textures. Siltstone generally are red and gray color with flat bedding planes. Darker colored siltstone have plant fossils and other carbon-rich matter. Mar 19, 2021 · Oil shales belong to the group of sapropel fuels, but they do not have a unique geological definition or a specific chemical formula. Oil shales vary considerably in their mineral content, chemical composition, stratigraphic age, type of organic matter, and depositional history, and not all are shales in the strict mineralogical sense. Shale is a laminated or fissile clastic sedimentary rock that composed of predominance of silt and clay other minerals , especially quartz and calcite. Characteristic properties of shale is breaks along thin laminae or parallel layering or bedding called fissility. It is most abundant sedimentary rock.Average chemical compositions of post-Archean sedimentary and volcanic rocks from the Qinling Orogenic Belt and its adjacent North China and Yangtze Cratons ... 1998) consists of three-phases typical tillites interbedded with black shales and gray sandy shales (Gao et al., 1991; Liu et al., 2008a), which are overlain by the Cap-carbonate rocks ...The geological characteristics of shale and the gas composition and carbon isotopic variation from the shale are very important indicators for the shale gas study. This article analyzed the geological characteristics of Cambrian Niutitang shale and focused on the gas composition and carbon isotopic characteristics of the shale gas from the Cambrian Niutitang …Shale is a lithified mud — a sedimentary rock composed mostly of clay- and silt-sized grains. There are several ways to define shale. Some definitions are rather narrow. Glossary of Geology published by the American Geological Institute defines shale as a laminated, indurated rock with >67% clay-sized minerals 1.Oil shale is a fine-grained, organic-rich sedimentary rock that produces oil and combustible gas upon destructive distillation. The rock primarily contains kerogen, a solid mixture containing organic chemical compounds from which liquid hydrocarbons are produced. The organic matter in oil shale doesn’t dissolve in common organic solvents.Abstract. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis gives data on quartz, feldspar, and carbonate in shales with a precision of + or -10 percent; clay mineral content is determined by difference. Obviously silty and calcareous shales were not included among the 400 samples from Tertiary rocks of the Gulf Coast, Mesozoic rocks from the western ...A typical shale is made of clay minerals (58%), quartz (28%), feldspar (6%), carbonate minerals (5%), and iron oxides (2%). A typical mudstone like shale is usually made up of 95% organic matter. The interesting fact about shale’s composition is that this percentage is usually less than 1% of its weight.Black shale tends to suffer from chemical weathering in nature due to its high content of organic matter (OM) and unstable minerals (e.g. feldspar and pyrite). The weathering of black shale has drawn attention over the past decade for its unique environmental and petrophysical impact ( Jaffe et al., 2002 , Jin et al., 2013 , Petsch et al., 1999 ...Dec 1, 2022 · The observed microstructure and chemical composition were correlated with Young's modulus, hardness, degree of anisotropy, and cracking behavior of the shale samples. The new knowledge generated here is expected to advance the understanding of the microstructural heterogeneity and mechanical property anisotropy in different types of shales. Shale. Shale is a very fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock which is made up mostly of clay (defined as particles smaller than 1/256 mm) and which is fissile (tending to break along natural laminations, or planes of weakness, that are less than 1 cm thick). Generally, shale occurs in thin layers or beds and represent low-energy environments ... Determining the chemical composition and properties of shale rocks poses a significant challenge given that these materials are heterogenous and comprise a complex multicomponent structure. The shales examined in this study represent a wide range of sedimentary rock mineralogies.Jan 1, 2021 · Determining the chemical composition and properties of shale rocks poses a significant challenge given that these materials are heterogenous and comprise a complex multicomponent structure. The shales examined in this study represent a wide range of sedimentary rock mineralogies. The laminated nature and varying mineral/chemical composition of shale has been observed on multiple scales: from geologic observations at outcrops, in cores from organic-rich mudrock reservoirs, and from laboratory test (with cm-resolution) that measure properties along the core length (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).Core measurements have shown that variation in …Clay minerals such as kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, micas are main components of raw materials of clay and formed in presence of water. A large number of clays used to form the different structure which completely depends on their mining source. They are known as hydrous phyllosilicate having silica, alumina and water with variable amount of inorganic ions like Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ which are found ...Origin: Detrital/Clastic Texture: Clastic; Fine-grained (0.004 – 0.06 mm). Composition: Quartz, clay minerals Color: Reddish brown Miscellaneous: Massive; Feels slightly gritty Depositional Environment: Flood plain, Delta, or Mid-continental Shelf Grain size: Fine- grained Siltstone Composition. Clastic sedimentary rocks are deposited in three ways. They …Shale consists of at least 30 percent clay, with varying amounts of quartz, feldspar, carbonates, iron oxides, and organic matter. Oil shale or bituminous also contains kerogen, a …Average trace element chemical composition compared to Bida shale and shale from other sedimentary basins. Present study Levinson Vine & Bida shale ...The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical InformationIt is composed of about 40% clay, organic material, and any other number of minerals. Without magnification, or other tools to determine the exact composition, ...Note that four major chemical compositions (i.e., quartz dominated shale, carbonaceous shale, clay dominated shale, and mixed shale) were eventually s elected based on the information of the sCore ...Dec 1, 2022 · The observed microstructure and chemical composition were correlated with Young's modulus, hardness, degree of anisotropy, and cracking behavior of the shale samples. The new knowledge generated here is expected to advance the understanding of the microstructural heterogeneity and mechanical property anisotropy in different types of shales. Crude shale oils are viscous, waxy liquids made up of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes and aromatic compounds) and polar components (organic nitrogen, oxygen and ...Sep 1, 2015 · This study examined the chemical evolution of liquid process and waste streams (including makeup water, HF fluids, and flowback) in four Marcellus Shale gas well sites in north central West Virginia. Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents and radioactive isotopes were measured to determine changes in waste water chemistry during ... Context 1. ... chemical composition of shale gas is given in Table 3. As seen in Table 3, the methane content is the highest (92.61%) and most important component of shale gas Ethane...A typical shale is composed of about 58% clay minerals, 28% quartz, 6% feldspar, 5% carbonate minerals, and 2% iron oxides. Most of the quartz is detrital (part of the original sediments that formed the shale) rather than authigenic (crystallized within the shale after deposition).
Bentonite was found in the Cretaceous Benton Shale near Rock River, Wyoming (Bentonite, wikipedia). Chemical composition of the unit cell has been represented as [(Si 8.0)(Al 3.02 Mg 0.50 Ca 0.06 Fe 0.18 T i0.02 Na 0.22)O 20 (OH) 4]. It is a versatile mineral due to its platelet structure. The platelet consisting of a tetrahedral silicon oxide .... Home depot delta bathtub
Moreover, the chemical composition of the natural gas in wells near drilling sites was consistent with the composition of gas within the Marcellus Shale formation underlying the region. Still, the Marcellus Shale lies 1000 - 2000 meters below the surface, whereas the drinking water wells extend only 36 -190 meters underground.Gray shale. Red shale. Shale is a laminated or fissile clastic sedimentary rock that composed of predominance of silt and clay other minerals , especially quartz and calcite. Characteristic properties of shale is breaks along thin laminae or parallel layering or bedding called fissility. See moreShale rocks are frequently very heterogenous at a small scale. Standard examinations of shale rocks include the determination of the mineral composition using: XRD (X-ray diffraction), petrographic thin section studies (using both transmitted light and cathodoluminescence – CL), and; SEM (scanning electron microscope) analyses. The Pierre Shale and equivalent rocks of Late Cretaceous age consist in the east-central Dakotas of several hundred feet of offshore-marine shale and minor marl; in west-central Montana near the sediment source the equivalents of the Pierre Shale consist of several thousand feet of volcanic-rich and mostly nonmarine sediments; and in the area between, both types of rock are separated by tongues of The physical and chemical properties of the oil composition significantly impact the subsequent exploitation; hence, it is critical to understand the components and their contents in shale oil. The mineral composition and …composition of rock salt. The results will then be compared to the chemical composition of the salt produced from Shale Gas Extraction Wastewater (SGEW) evaporation. Naturally occurring rock salt was formed from the evaporation of inland seas. Its primary constituents are sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sulfate.Hydrous pyrolysis of organic-rich shale at high temperature (320–360 °C) is used to simulate thermal maturation that takes place over millions of years in a sedimentary basin, providing a ...The physical and chemical properties of the oil composition significantly impact the subsequent exploitation; hence, it is critical to understand the components and their contents in shale oil. The mineral composition and fluid composition are studied taking the organic-rich shale in the first member of Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin.The salinity of pore waters in petroleum reservoir rocks, including shale and tight reservoirs, varies from ~1000 to >400,000 mg/L TDS. Detailed chemical and isotopic data for >115,000 produced-water samples, listed in our USGS Database, show the waters are of meteoric, marine connate, or mixed origin.Chemical composition results were compared with other localities. It was concluded that the enrichment is the result of the euxinic depositional environment, where they would co-precipitate mainly as sulfide minerals. The heavy metals in the oil shale are redox sensitive elements and are related to Mississippi Valley-type deposits.The geological characteristics of shale and the gas composition and carbon isotopic variation from the shale are very important indicators for the shale gas study. This article analyzed the geological characteristics of Cambrian Niutitang shale and focused on the gas composition and carbon isotopic characteristics of the shale gas from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation. We can see that the ....